Android has come a long way since powering our phones. Today, it’s in dashboards, infotainment systems, and even under the hood of cars. But how exactly did Android evolve from a smartphone OS to a critical player in the automotive world?

In this blog post, we’ll explore the fascinating journey of Android in the automotive industry, from its humble beginnings to the modern Android Automotive OS (AAOS). We’ll explain everything in a clear and easy-to-understand way, covering code examples, system architecture, and how this evolution affects developers, car manufacturers, and everyday drivers.

From Mobile OS to Infotainment: The Early Days

When Android was first introduced by Google in 2008, its open-source nature caught the attention of many industries — including automotive.

The Introduction of Android Auto

In 2015, Google officially launched Android Auto — a platform that allowed Android smartphones to project a simplified interface onto the car’s infotainment system. Drivers could use apps like Google Maps, Spotify, and WhatsApp with voice commands and touch input, enhancing safety and usability.

How It Works:
 Android Auto runs on the phone, not the car. The car merely acts as a display and controller.

// Example: Launching a voice command with Google Assistant
val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VOICE_COMMAND)
startActivity(intent)

This architecture meant quick updates and a wide range of compatible vehicles. But it also had limitations — OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) had little control over the UI or deep integration with car hardware.

The Rise of Android Automotive OS (AAOS)

Recognizing the limitations of projection-based systems, Google introduced Android Automotive OS — a full-fledged, car-ready version of Android that runs natively on the vehicle’s hardware.

What Makes Android Automotive OS Special?

• Embedded OS: No need for a phone. The OS is pre-installed and controls the infotainment system.
• Deeper Hardware Access: Unlike Android Auto, AAOS can integrate with HVAC, seat controls, vehicle telemetry, and more.
• Customizable UI: OEMs can customize the look and feel while still leveraging the power of Android.

Architecture of Android Automotive OS

Let’s break down how Android Automotive OS works under the hood.

1. HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)

This layer interacts directly with the vehicle’s hardware. OEMs implement Vehicle HALs to expose data like speed, fuel level, and climate control to Android.

2. Vehicle HAL Interface (AIDL-based)

Android Automotive uses AIDL (Android Interface Definition Language) to define communication between system services and vehicle HALs.

// AIDL example to access vehicle property
interface IVehicle {
    int getProperty(int propertyId);
}

3. Car Services Layer

These are system services provided by AAOS (like CarSensorManager, CarInfoManager, etc.) that expose car-related data to apps.

val car = Car.createCar(context)
val sensorManager = car.getCarManager(Car.SENSOR_SERVICE) as CarSensorManager

Developer Experience: Building Apps for Android in Cars

With AAOS, developers now build apps that run directly on the car. These can be media, navigation, or communication apps.

App Categories Supported:

• Media (e.g., Spotify)
• Messaging (e.g., WhatsApp)
• Navigation (e.g., Google Maps alternatives)

Sample Media App Setup

Android Automotive media apps are built on the MediaBrowserService framework:

class CarMediaService : MediaBrowserServiceCompat() {
    override fun onGetRoot(
        clientPackageName: String,
        clientUid: Int,
        rootHints: Bundle?
    ): BrowserRoot? {
        return BrowserRoot("root", null)
    }

    override fun onLoadChildren(
        parentId: String,
        result: Result<List<MediaItem>>
    ) {
        result.sendResult(emptyList()) // Placeholder
    }
}

This setup allows your media app to appear natively within the car’s infotainment system.

OEM Adoption and Industry Impact

More manufacturers are embracing Android in the automotive industry due to its flexibility and Google ecosystem support.

Popular Cars Running AAOS:

• Volvo XC40 Recharge
• Polestar 2
• Renault Mégane E-Tech
• GM, Honda, Ford, and Stellantis also announced future integration

OEMs can add their own app stores, integrate voice assistants like Alexa, and modify the interface, all while running on a solid Android foundation.

Privacy, Security & Updates

One of the major concerns with embedded software in cars is security. Google addresses this with:

• Verified boot & partitioned OS layers
• Google Play Protect (on supported systems)
• Monthly security patches (when implemented by OEMs)
• OTA (Over-the-Air) updates to push bug fixes and new features

What’s in It for You, the Driver?

Faster Access

No waiting for your phone to connect. No dropped Bluetooth. Everything just works.

Built-In Voice Control

“Hey Google, take me to the nearest gas station.” Simple, natural, and hands-free.

Fewer Distractions

Designed with safety in mind, the interface limits visual overload. You only see what you need, when you need it.

Better Personalization

Since AAOS runs directly in the car, it can save preferences across profiles and adapt to whoever’s behind the wheel.

The Future of Android in the Automotive Industry

We’re only scratching the surface of what Android can do for mobility.

Upcoming Trends:

• Integration with EV battery data
• Smart assistant for predictive driving
• Multi-screen support (rear-seat entertainment)
• Seamless phone-to-car sync with Android 15+

Google is also working on extending AI-powered user experiences using contextual data like location, calendar events, and habits to provide real-time driving recommendations and proactive assistance.

Conclusion

The journey of Android in the automotive industry showcases how adaptable and scalable the Android ecosystem truly is. From phone projection systems to embedded car platforms, it has revolutionized how drivers interact with their vehicles.

For developers, this is a golden era — you can now build apps not just for phones and tablets, but for the road itself. For OEMs, it’s an opportunity to build smarter, more connected vehicles. And for users, it means safer, more personalized, and enjoyable driving experiences.

As Android continues its journey on wheels, the road ahead looks smarter, safer, and more open than ever.

FAQ

Q: What is Android Automotive OS?
 A: Android Automotive OS (AAOS) is an operating system developed by Google that runs directly on a vehicle’s hardware, unlike Android Auto which runs on a smartphone.

Q: How is Android Auto different from Android Automotive OS?
 A: Android Auto is a projection system that mirrors apps from your phone. AAOS is a standalone OS installed in the car, offering deeper integration with vehicle functions.

Q: Can I build apps for Android Automotive?
 A: Yes! You can build navigation, media, and communication apps using standard Android tools and frameworks, with slight modifications for car compliance.

Q: Which cars use Android Automotive OS?
 A: Cars like the Polestar 2, Volvo XC40, and some models by GM, Honda, and Renault run Android Automotive OS.